Depends on what your issue is.

Going to sleep at the same time, and waking up at the same time is very important. Regular exercise. Eliminating alcohol/drugs, including caffeine. A good healthy diet…

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As someone who occasionally struggles with insomnia, I highly recommend the Insomnia Coach App for iOS or Android. It’s entirely free (no ads or in-app purchases) and based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. It was developed by the US Department of Veterans Affairs, but it’s available and applicable to anyone who has trouble sleeping. It has guided meditation and other tools to help you sleep or identify causes of insomnia.

It requires some effort on your part: you follow a 5 week training plan and keep a sleep diary throughout. However the effort is minimal and again, it’s free. Following the sleep plan significantly improved the number of nights that I have good sleep.

Resolve moral conflicts in your life.

Sleep advice is like love advice, it can never be applied universally. But back when I was learning the languages I now know, practicing them as I drift off into sleep not only seemed to be good for sleep but also the language learning process. So… maybe choose a language? Just throwing that out there.

A while back I realized there was a particular topic I could ponder and I’d fall asleep. For a few years, I was able to konk right out by returning to that topic. It doesn’t work anymore, but maybe that’s just because I haven’t found the next sleepy topic.

Some good suggestions here. But if you’ve been battling this for ages, it might be time for a sleep study? You may need a referral from your family doctor for this, but it’s generally not hard to get, and the sleep lab will be able to tell you if you have any bio-mechanical issues like sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, etc. There are all sorts of things that can mess up sleeping. Also, it’s a rapidly evolving field of medicine, so even if you had one done years ago, it might be worth a revisit?

There is no one-fits-all golden answer when it comes to sleeping but reducing heavy foods, any stress and overstimulation for at least two hours before planned bed time can help or be at least some form of a start…

If it is a problem with falling asleep, when you are lying for some prolonged time already — try standing up, doing some simple stretches, maybe drink water, slowly walk around, visit the bathroom and empty your bladder (don’t turn on too many lights etc.), you can even try some breathing exercises and then just try again.

Many people have a big problem with proper “coming back from work”, like reading some work related e-mails or chats / groups and so on — this can really harm your night / resting time. Make a holy boundary, cut-off time for those things or just fully turn off your phone and put it out of reach. If there are things like plans for the next day, some project that you need to do or a big deadline, physically write all this stuff that occupies your mind, “do the laundry, take the trash in the morning, call the manager and reply to X and Y about Z” — whatever fits your bill, write it down, put it on your desk or on a fridge — make sure that you feel it, do it slowly, be like “I am securing my plans because they are important to me and now there is no need to keep them in my mind, they will wait for me in the morning, right here” or something close to that.

One thing I haven’t seen mentioned yet is to try and build up a pavlovian association with bed/bedroom = sleep. Don’t do any mentally stimulating tasks while in your bed or even bedroom - no TV or youtube, no mindless phone scrolling, no gaming, etc. Bedroom should be for sleep and sex, and that’s it. If you cut everything else out for a while, your brain will much more strongly associate bed(room) with sleepytime.

Other things people have mentioned are valid too. Consistent sleep schedule, don’t eat/drink/exercise for 2-3hrs before bed, etc.

Figure out whether your circadian time is set for early morning (~5AM wake up time), day (~10AM wake), or night (~2PM wake). Despite what most people think, it’s incredibly hard for one type to adapt to another.

Get a white noise generator, I can’t sleep without it in the city.

Weighted blanket.

Are you looking for general tips or having a specific issue?

• Lights: Switching to light sources/bulbs with lower brightness/warmer light temperature (lower Kelvin/K-value) 3 hours before bed. (Light affects our sleep-wake cycle, aka the circadian rhythm. Our brain processes bright light as “the sun is still up so it’s not time to sleep yet”)
• Screens: Gradually dimming electronic screens until bedtime (Computer: using F.lux and lowering the brightness gradually in the graphics card’s control panel. Phone: with a built-in Night/Dark Mode option that you can schedule or by using an app like Twilight). // Don’t take your devices to the bedroom, or keep them far away from the bed and set them on silent/shut them off.
• Try not to sleep for more than 8 hours so you’ll need the sleep the next night.
• Sleeping in a closed and completely dark room (including covering LED lights on electronics, or using a face mask) with something that makes a white noise (fan/air purifier/etc.)
• Food: Having a light meal 3-3.5 hours before bed and light snacks 1.5-2 hours before bed, to not put the body into overdrive digesting a heavy meal or cause heartburn/indigestion, and also to not go to sleep hungry and get distracted by that.
• If you sleep on your stomach with your head to the side, you can use a thin and narrow side pillow (but firm) along your torso to support your shoulder on the side that your head is pointing to. (you can also use a thin pillow for your head to not strain your neck/spine - there are ones made for kids if needed)

Sleep mask / eye mask! Absolute bliss