Formerly u/CanadaPlus101 on Reddit.

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Cake day: June 12th, 2023

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  • Well, exactly, in the context of OP’s question we’re doing “spherical cows in a vacuum”. In reality, no orbit is truly elliptical, either. Then again, if you use a practical measure for a practical situation, they’re close enough to elliptical for most space travel purposes, and definitely stable far away from an atmosphere.

    General relativity can also cause noticeable departures even in our solar system, like the precession of Mercury’s orbit. In extreme situations it can get really different - gravitational waves remove energy, and around a black hole there’s a region where escape is possible but not any orbit.